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Maria Teresa de Filippis

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Maria Teresa de Filippis
de Filippis at the 1949 Aosta–Gran San Bernardo hillclimb
Born(1926-11-11)11 November 1926
Naples, Campania, Italy
Died8 January 2016(2016-01-08) (aged 89)
Scanzorosciate, Lombardy, Italy
Formula One World Championship career
Nationality Italian
Active years1958–1959
Teams
Entries5 (3 starts)
Championships0
Wins0
Podiums0
Career points0
Pole positions0
Fastest laps0
First entry1958 Monaco Grand Prix
Last entry1959 Monaco Grand Prix

Maria Teresa de Filippis (11 November 1926 – 8 January 2016) was an Italian racing driver, and the first woman to race in Formula One. She participated in five World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on 18 May 1958, but scored no championship points. Though her Formula One racing career was brief, she won races in other series and is remembered as a pioneer in the sport.

Biography

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De Filippis was born on 11 November 1926 in Marigliano, Italy. She was the youngest of five children of an Italian count, Serino Francesco De Filippis, and a Spanish noblewoman, Narcisa Anselmi Balaguer Roca de Togores y Ruco y Perpignan. De Filippis' father owned the 16th-century Palazzo Marigliano in Naples, where she grew up. She started displaying an interest in sport since her teenage years, being a keen horse rider and tennis player.[1][2][3][4][5]

Early career

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De Filippis debuted in the 1948 Salerno–Cava de' Tirreni race, in a Fiat 500

In the late 1940s, at the end of World War II, de Filippis developed an interest in motorsport. Despite some reservations from her intimate circle of friends and relatives (two of her brothers told her that she would not be able to go very fast, goading her and making a bet that she would be slow), at the age of 22, de Filippis began her racing career. She won her first race, driving a Fiat 500 on a 10 km drive between Salerno and Cava de' Tirreni. This result gave her the confidence to compete in the Italian sports car championship, where she finished second in the 1954 season. Seeing her potential, Maserati brought her in as the works driver.[3]

In the following years, de Filippis took part in various motor racing events, including hillclimbing and endurance racing.[3] She finished second in a sportscar race supporting the 1956 Naples Grand Prix, driving a Maserati 200S.[6]

Formula One

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De Filippis in her Maserati 250F s/n 2501/2523 at the Italian Grand Prix (Monza) on 7 September 1958

In 1958 de Filippis was given the chance to drive a Formula One car. Although Maserati was a successful Formula One chassis manufacturer in the 1950s, supplying several teams and winning numerous races (in 1957 Juan Manuel Fangio won the drivers' title in a Maserati 250F,[1] his fifth and final championship win),[7] by 1958 the team had officially withdrawn from the sport but many of the cars remained available to privateers.[8] On 18 May 1958 de Filippis was given the opportunity to enter the Monaco Grand Prix, the second round of the 1958 Formula One season, in one of the 250Fs. Of the 31 entrants only half set a time good enough to qualify, with de Filippis missing out alongside fellow debutant and future Formula One Management and Formula One Administration president Bernie Ecclestone. Ecclestone and de Filippis forged a friendship on the occasion, and remained on good terms for the years to come. De Filippis's time of 1:50.8 was 5.8 seconds behind the qualifying time of the fastest 16 which included future world champions Mike Hawthorn, Jack Brabham, and Graham Hill in his first race.[9][10][11] Fangio gave de Filippis plenty of advice during the season. In a 2006 interview, she recalled that Fangio told her, "You go too fast, you take too many risks."[3]

The 1958 Belgian Grand Prix allowed all drivers to compete with no cut-off for a qualifying time. De Filippis qualified in 19th place, nearly 34 seconds off Tony Brooks' pole position time and only ahead of a mechanically-hindered Ken Kavanagh. Although she was lapped twice in the 24 lap race she managed to finish, albeit in 10th and last place after nine other cars failed to finish.[12] This would prove to be her only race finish.[1]

At the following race, the French Grand Prix at Reims-Gueux on 6 July 1958, de Fillipis was prevented from competing. In a 2006 interview she claimed that the race director dismissed her by telling her that "the only helmet a woman should wear is the one at the hairdresser's".[3][13]

On the occasion of the 1958 Portuguese Grand Prix in August, de Filippis qualified in last place, more than 15 seconds slower than the car ahead of her. Her race lasted only six laps before her engine failed. On 7 September 1958, she started her home Grand Prix at the Autodromo Nazionale Monza from last place. She completed 57 of the 70 laps before having to retire with engine problems. As the 14th and final retirement out of 21, she was classified as eighth.[14][15]

In 1959 de Filippis joined the Behra-Porsche RSK team. She entered the Monaco Grand Prix but failed to qualify, her time of 1'47.8 being three seconds off the lowest qualifying pace and a further one second behind teammate Wolfgang von Trips.[16] It turned out to be her final attempt at Grand Prix qualification.[17]

Retirement

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Following the death of Porsche team leader Jean Behra in a racing accident on 1 August 1959 while driving in the sports car support race for the 1959 German Grand Prix at AVUS,[1][18] de Filippis, devastated by the event, left the circuit and retired from professional racing.[15][5]

Later career and death

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Around 1960 de Filippis married Austrian chemist Theodor Huschek, and started a family.[4] She kept away from all forms of motor racing until 1979 when she joined the International Club of Former F1 Grand Prix Drivers. In 1997 she was appointed Vice-President. She was also a founding member of the Maserati Club in 2004 and went on to become its chairperson.[3][15] De Filippis died in January 2016 at the age of 89.[19]

Legacy

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De Filippis was a pioneer in motor racing, a sport traditionally dominated by men. No woman would race in Formula One again for a further 15 years until fellow Italian Lella Lombardi competed between 1974 and 1976. Lombardi went on to become the first and as of 2023 only female driver to have finished a World Championship Formula One race in a point-scoring position. Three other women have since then tried to enter a Formula One race, albeit unsuccessfully – Giovanna Amati, Divina Galica and Desiré Wilson.[20][21]

Racing record

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Complete Formula One World Championship results

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(key)

Year Entrant Chassis Engine 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 WDC Points
1958 Maria Teresa de Filippis Maserati 250F Maserati
Straight-6 		ARG MON
DNQ 		NED 500 BEL
10 		FRA GBR GER ITA
Ret 		MOR NC 0
Scuderia Centro Sud POR
Ret
1959 Dr Ing F Porsche KG Behra-Porsche RSK (F2) Porsche Flat-4 MON
DNQ 		500 NED FRA GBR GER POR ITA USA NC 0
Sources:[2][22]

Non-Championship Formula One results

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(key)

Year Entrant Chassis Engine 1 2 3 4 5 6
1958 Maria Teresa de Filippis Maserati 250F Maserati
Straight-6 		BUE GLV SYR
5 		AIN INT CAE
1959 Maria Teresa de Filippis Maserati 250F Maserati
Straight-6 		BUE GLV AIN INT
Ret 		OUL SIL
Source:[22]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d Williamson, Martin. "Maria Teresa de Filippis". ESPN. Retrieved 19 November 2011.
  2. ^ a b MotorSport, Database for Maria Teresa de Filipis
  3. ^ a b c d e f Eve, James (5 March 2006). "Maria Teresa De Filippis". Observer Sport Monthly. Guardian News and Media Limited. Retrieved 19 November 2011.
  4. ^ a b Daily Telegraph, 11 Feb 2016, Obituary of Maria Teresa de Filippis
  5. ^ a b "Maria Teresa de Filipis". theguardian.com. 11 January 2016. Retrieved 9 September 2016.
  6. ^ "XIII GRAN PREMIO NAPOLI Another Bad Day for Ferrari". Motor Sport magazine archive. June 1956. p. 61. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
  7. ^ Donaldson, Gerald. "Juan Manuel Fangio". The Official Formula 1 Website. Formula One World Championship Ltd. Archived from the original on 11 November 2011. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
  8. ^ "Hawthorn's title in a season of tragedy". ESPN. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
  9. ^ "1958 Monaco Grand Prix". The Official Formula 1 Website. Formula One World Championship Ltd. Archived from the original on 19 August 2010. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
  10. ^ "Monaco Grand Prix 1958 / Results". ESPN. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
  11. ^ "Graham Hill". ESPN. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
  12. ^ "Belgian Grand Prix 1958 / Results". ESPN. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
  13. ^ Slotnik, Daniel E. (16 January 2016). "Maria Teresa de Filippis, Pioneer of Auto Racing, Dies at 89". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 11 February 2016.
  14. ^ "Italian Grand Prix 1958 / Results". ESPN. Retrieved 21 November 2011.
  15. ^ a b c Resteck, Hilary; Schuster, Casey. "Maria Teresa de Filippis" (PDF). TheHenryFord.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 December 2010. Retrieved 21 November 2011.
  16. ^ "Monaco Grand Prix 1959 / Results". ESPN. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
  17. ^ "Addio Signorina F1". 10 January 2016.
  18. ^ "Cooper powers Jack Brabham to the title". ESPN. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
  19. ^ "F1's first-ever female driver passes away aged 89". motorsport.com. Retrieved 9 January 2016.
  20. ^ "A Brief History of Women in F1 – Formula World |Formula 1". 19 August 2021.
  21. ^ Williamson, Martin (4 April 2011). "Queens of speed". ESPN. Retrieved 19 November 2011.
  22. ^ a b "All championship race entries, by Maria-Teresa de Filippis". ChicaneF1. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
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