Salmoniformes
| Salmoniformes Temporal range:
| |
|---|---|
| |
| Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) | |
| |
| Muskellunge (Esox masquinony) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Superorder: | Protacanthopterygii |
| Order: | Salmoniformes Bleeker, 1859 |
| Families | |
Salmoniformes (/sælˈmɒnɪfɔːrmiːz/, lit. "salmon-shaped") is an order of ray-finned fishes native to the temperate and subarctic Northern Hemisphere.[1] It contains two suborders: Salmonoidei (containing only the Salmonidae) and Esocoidei (containing pikes and mudminnows).[1] In addition, potential fossil members of the group, dating back to the Late Cretaceous, are also known from Europe and Africa.[2]
Taxonomy
[edit]The relationship between salmons, pikes, and mudminnows has long been well-attested based on phylogenetic and morphological studies, and all three groups were long placed in the Salmoniformes.[3] In the early 21st century, pikes and mudminnows were split from the Salmoniformes and placed into their own order, Esociformes.[4] However, as recent studies have reaffirmed their close relationship, more recent taxonomic authorities again place the Esociformes as a group within the Salmoniformes (Esocoidei).[1][2]
The following classification is based on Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes:[1]
- Order Salmoniformes
- Suborder Esocoidei
- Suborder Salmonoidei
- Family Salmonidae Cuvier, 1816
- Subfamily Coregoninae Bonaparte, 1845
- Subfamily Thymallinae Gill, 1885
- Subfamily Salmoninae Cuvier, 1816
- Family Salmonidae Cuvier, 1816
The following fossil taxa are also considered much more basal members of this order:[2]
- †Barcarenichthys Gayet, 1989 (Cenomanian of Portugal)
- †Kermichthys Taverne, 1992 (Cenomanian of Morocco)[5]
- †Pyrenichthys Gayet & Lepicard, 1985 (Maastrichtian of France)[6]
- ?†Stompooria Anderson, 1998 (potentially a galaxiiform)[7] (Maastrichtian of South Africa)
Indeterminate potential salmoniform remains are known from Santonian-aged freshwater deposits of Hungary.[8]
In the past, other euteleost fish such as the smelts or tubeshoulders were also placed within this order[9][10], but such a placement is now known to be inaccurate.[1] Phylogenetic studies generally recover either the Argentiniformes or the Galaxiiformes as the closest relatives of the Salmoniformes.[1][2][4]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f Fricke, R.; Eschmeyer, W. N.; Van der Laan, R. (2025). "ESCHMEYER'S CATALOG OF FISHES: CLASSIFICATION". California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 2025-02-10.
- ^ a b c d Near, Thomas J.; Thacker, Christine E. (2024-04-18). "Phylogenetic Classification of Living and Fossil Ray-Finned Fishes (Actinopterygii)". Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History. 65 (1): 101. Bibcode:2024BPMNH..65..101N. doi:10.3374/014.065.0101. ISSN 0079-032X.
- ^ Wilson, Mark V. H.; Brinkman, Donald B.; Neuman, Andrew G. (1992). "Cretaceous Esocoidei (Teleostei): early radiation of the pikes in North American fresh waters". Journal of Paleontology. 66 (5): 839–846. Bibcode:1992JPal...66..839W. doi:10.1017/S0022336000020849. ISSN 0022-3360.
- ^ a b Betancur-R, Ricardo; Wiley, Edward O.; Arratia, Gloria; Acero, Arturo; Bailly, Nicolas; Miya, Masaki; Lecointre, Guillaume; Ortí, Guillermo (2017-07-06). "Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 17 (1): 162. Bibcode:2017BMCEE..17..162B. doi:10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 5501477. PMID 28683774.
- ^ Fielitz, Christopher (2002). "A new Late Cretaceous (Turonian) basal euteleostean fish from Lac des Bois of the Northwest Territories of Canada". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 39 (11): 1579–1590. Bibcode:2002CaJES..39.1579F. doi:10.1139/e02-061. ISSN 0008-4077.
- ^ GAYET, M; LEPICARD, B. (1985). "Salmoniforme nouveau du Maastrichtien supérieur des Petites Pyrénées (Haute-Garonne, France): Pyrenichthys jauzaci nov. gen. nov. sp" [New Salmoniforme from the Upper Maestrichtian of the "Petites Pyrénées" (Haute Garonne, France): Pyrenichthys jauzaci nov. gen. nov. sp]. Bulletin du Muséum national d'histoire naturelle. Section C, Sciences de la terre, paléontologie, géologie, minéralogie. 7 (2): 131–141. ISSN 0181-0642.
- ^ Anderson, M. Eric. "A late Cretaceous (Maasteichtian) Galaxiid fish from South Africa". Special Publication (60): 1–8. ISSN 0075-2088.
- ^ Szabó, Márton; Ősi, Attila (2017-09-01). "The continental fish fauna of the Late Cretaceous (Santonian) Iharkút locality (Bakony Mountains, Hungary)". Central European Geology. 60 (2): 230–287. Bibcode:2017CEJGl..60..230S. doi:10.1556/24.60.2017.009. ISSN 1789-3348.
- ^ McDowall, R. M. (1976). "Fishes of the family Prototroctidae (Salmoniformes)". Marine and Freshwater Research. 27 (4): 641–659. Bibcode:1976MFRes..27..641M. doi:10.1071/mf9760641. ISSN 1448-6059.
- ^ Matsui, Tetsuo; Rosenblatt, Richard H. (1987). "Review of the Deep-Sea Fish Family Platytroctidae (Pisces: Salmoniformes)". Bulletin of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (26).